Friday's Miscellany 11-13-2020

 38 North

• A Hypothetical Letter from North Korea’s Chairman Kim Jong Un to US President-Elect Joseph Biden
  
• Pyongsan Uranium Mines: Despite Typhoons, Mining and Processing Operations Continue
  
• Reconstruction of the Flood-Damaged Komdok Area
  
• South Koreans Rarely Think About North Korea—and Why It Matters
  

 Africa Center for Strategic Studies

• #EndSARS Demands Nigerian Police Reform 
  
• Boko Haram Violence against Civilians Spiking in Northern Cameroon
  

 American Enterprise Institute

• AEI Political Report: Exit Poll Compilation
  
• Hiring Government Leaders: Lessons from the Private Sector
  

 Amnesty International

• Tunisia: Criminal Prosecutions Of Online Speech: Outdated and Flawed Laws Used to Restrict Speech in Tunisia
  
• Ukraine: Not A Private Matter: Domestic and Sexual Violence Against Women in Eastern Ukraine
  

 Arctic Institute

• Carbon: Three Observations on Life, Death, and Uncertainty in the Permafrost 

 Atlantic Council

• Sovereign Solidarity: France, the US, and Alliances in a Post-COVID 
  

 Baker Institute for Public Policy

• Hold the Line Through 2035: A Strategy to Offset China’s Revisionist Actions and Sustain a Rules-based Order in the Asia-Pacific
  
• Operation Warp Speed and a Covid-19 Vaccine
  

 Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies (BESA)

• Biden and Israel: A Return to the Obama Era?
  
• Biden and Israel: Continuity and Change
  
• Biden’s Voice, Obama’s Actions?
  
• Changing Attitudes Toward Religiosity: A Double-Edged Sword for Arab Rulers
  
• Hamas-Fatah: The Beginning of a Beautiful Friendship
• Israel Between Two Presidents 
  
• Normalizing with Cairo Rather than Riyadh Could Be a Major Achievement 
  
• Saudi Chairmanship of G20 Proves a Mixed Blessing 
  
• Should the IDF Manage the COVID-19 Crisis?  
  
• Turkey vs. the West: A Tug of War Beyond the Aegean 
  
• Turkey’s Win-Win Strategy in the Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict  
  
• US Exposes Do-Gooder Antisemites 
  
• Western Multiculturalism and Islamic Terror 
  
• What Biden’s Victory Means for Turkey 
  

 Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs

• Addressing Dramatic Changes in the Bering Strait Region Requires Governance Adaptations
  
• Building a 21st-century American Economy
  
• A U.S. Diplomatic Service for the 21st Century
  

 Blair Institute for Global Change

• Covid-19 and Africa: Interactive Data Dashboard
  
• A Covid-19 Vaccination Plan for Africa
  
• Covid-19 Vaccine Realism: The Good News and the Bad News 
  
• Harnessing Digital Technology for Africa's Economic Recovery and Transformation
  
• The TBI Globalism Study
• Has China’s Reputation Peaked?
  
• Multilateralism Is Dead, Long Live Multilateralism! 
  
• The Globalist-Nativist Divide Is a Damaging Caricature 
  
• Transparency and Autonomy Should Underpin Online Voting Systems 
  

 Bonn International Center for Conversion (BICC)

• Reintegration in Northern Iraq: The Time Is Now for Europe to Act
  

 Brookings

• Biden’s Victory Came from the Suburbs
  
• Dept. of Education’s College Scorecard Shows Where Student Loans Pay Off… and Where They Don’t
  
• Exit Polls Show Both Familiar and New Voting Blocs Sealed Biden’s Win
  

 Bruegel

• Monetary Policy in the Time of COVID-19, or How Uncertainty is Here to Stay  
  

 Canadian Global Affairs Institute (CGAI)

• A Call for More Surgical Use of Existing Trade Laws
  

 Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

• Global Views of a Biden Presidency 
  

 CATO Institute

• Economic Crisis, General Laws, and the Mid‐19th‐Century Transformation of American Political Economy 
  
• Immigrants Do Not Negatively Affect the Economic Institutions of American States 
  
• Reforming the Immigration System: A Brief Outline
  

 Center for a New American Security (CNAS)

• Renew, Elevate, Modernize: A Blueprint for a 21st-Century U.S.-ROK Alliance Strategy  

 Center for Advanced Defense (C4ADS) 

• Lethal Exchange: Synthetic Drug Networks in the Digital Era 
  

 Center for Global Development

• Governing Data for Development: Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities
  
• Mismeasuring ODA—How Risky Actually Are Aid Loans?
  

 Center for International Policy

• U.S. Security Cooperation with ASEAN Member States
  
• U.S. Security Sector Assistance (SSA) to Nigeria 
  

 Center for Naval Analyses (CNA)

• Artificial Intelligence in Russia Issue 14, November 6, 2020
  

 Center for Presidential Transition

• Presidential Transition Guide: A Comprehensive Guide to the Activities Required During the Transition
  

 Center for Security and Emerging Technology (CSET)

• Chinese Talent Program Tracker
  

 Center for Security Studies (CSS)

• Russian Analytical Digest No. 258: Media Capture
  

 Center for Security Studies, Georgetown University

• Georgetown Security Studies Review, November 2020, v. 8, no. 2
  
• You Can’t have Women in Peace without Women in Conflict and Security
• Does Democratic Peace Theory Hold in Cyberspace?
• Just Robots, Just Collection: The Implications of Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems for Ethical Intelligence Collection
• China’s Influence in Central and Eastern Europe, European Responses, and Implications for Transatlantic Security
• Five Models of Strategic Relationship in Proxy War
• The Critical Importance of Brown-Water Operations in the Era of Great Power Competition

 Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS)

• Covid-19 Response Update: November 6-November 13
  
• The Digital Services Act, the Digital Markets Act, and the New Competition Tool  
  
• U.S. Military Forces in FY 2021: Navy
  

 Centre for International Governance Innovation

• Economic Rents and the Contours of Conflict in the Data-driven Economy
  

 Chatham House

• The EU and the Politics of Migration Management in Afghanistan 
  
• Pharmacological Performance Enhancement and the Military 
  

 Congressional Budget Office (CBO)

• The Volume and Repayment of Federal Student Loans: 1995 to 2017
  

 Congressional-Executive Commission on China

• Rapid Deterioration of Human Rights in Hong Kong after Passage of National Security Law
  

 Counter Extremism Project & European Policy Centre

• Marching Home? Why Repatriating Foreign Terrorist Fighters is a Pan-European Priority
  

 Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA)

• Building a More Resilient ICT Supply Chain: Lessons Learned During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis
  

 Danish Institute for International Studies (DIIS)

• Maritime Security Changing Tack: A Window on Shifting Configurations of Power Projection at Sea
  
• Iran's Successful Transnational Network: Iranian Foreign Policy Utilizes Partners
  

 Department of Defense (DOD)

• Acting Secretary of Defense Christopher C. Miller's Initial Message to the Department  
• Chief of Space Operations' Planning Guidance 
  
• COVID-19 Travel Restrictions Installation Status Update, Nov. 12, 2020 
  
• Secretary Esper's Final Message to the Department  
  

 Department of Defense Inspector General (DODIG)

• Lead Inspector General for Operation Freedom’s Sentinel I Quarterly Report to the United States Congress I July 1, 2020 - September 30, 2020 
  
• Lead Inspector General for Operation Pacific Eagle-Philippines I Quarterly Report to the United States Congress I July 1, 2020 - September 30, 2020 
  

 Department of State

• The United States of America and The Republic of Korea on Working Together to Promote Cooperation between the Indo-Pacific Strategy and the New Southern Policy 
  

 Department of State Inspector General

• Lead Inspector General for Operation Pacific Eagle-Philippines I Quarterly Report to the United States Congress I July 1, 2020 - September 30, 2020  
  

 Economic Research Forum

• Export Diversification and Sophistication and Industrial Policy in Tunisia
  
• External Debt Vulnerability in Emerging Markets and Developing Economies During the Covid-19 Shock
  
• What Do Jobseekers Want? Estimating Reservation Wages and the Value of Job Attributes             

 Egmont Institute

• Can Corona Cure Our Superiority Complex?
  
• Combat Air Systems for the 21st Century: A Shared Stake for Europe
  
• The EU’s Strategic Compass and Its Four Baskets
  

 European Commission

• Primary and Secondary Equity Markets in the EU
  

 European Leadership Network (ELN)

• Yes, We Can? Europe Responds to the Crisis of Multilateral Arms Control

 European Parliament

• 40 Years of the Hague Convention on Child Abduction: Legal and Societal Changes in the Rights of a Child
  
• Article 50 TEU in practice: How the EU has applied the 'exit' clause
  
• The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN): The EU's Partner in Asia? 
  
• Asylum Procedures at the Border
  
• Blurred Boundaries Between Monetary and Fiscal Policy
  
• COVID-19 and Economic Policy Toward the New Normal: A Monetary-Fiscal Nexus after the Crisis?
  
• EU Economic Developments and Projections
  
• Global Mega-Trends: Scanning the Post-Coronavirus Horizon
  
• Monetary-Fiscal Interactions in the Euro Area: Assessing the Risks
  
• Opportunities of  Post COVID-19 European Recovery Funds in Transitioning Towards a Circular and Climate Neutral Economy
  

 European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA)

• Railway Cybersecurity
  

 EUROPOL

• Malicious Uses and Abuses of Artificial Intelligence
  

 Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

• 2019 Hate Crime Statistics
  
• FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin. November 2020
  
• Addressing Hate Crimes: Seattle’s Safe Place Initiative
• Perspective: College Police Bridge Gaps at the National Academy
• Leadership Spotlight: Seizing the Opportunity for Meaningful Change
• Positive Policing Spotlight: Applying the Concept

Federal Reserve Bank of New York

• Underlying Inflation Gauge (UIG): November 2020
  

 Financial Action Task Force (FATF)

• Iceland's Progress in Strengthening Measures to Tackle Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing
  

 Foreign Policy Research Institute (FPRI)

• China’s New Pressure on Taiwan in the South China Sea
• The Realist Victory in Nagorno-Karabakh
  

 French Institute of International Relations (Institut Français des Relations Internationales)

• European Public Oinion on China in the Age of COVID-19: Differences and Common Ground across the Continent
  
• The Franco-German Armaments Cooperation. An Impossible Agreement?
  

 Future Directions International

• The US-India Relationship after Trump: A Return to Convention? 
  

 German Council on Foreign Relations (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Auswärtige Politik e. V.)

• After the Nagorno-Karabakh War: Time to Abandon the Term “Frozen Conflicts”
  

 German Marshall Fund of the United States

• Together or Alone? Choices and Strategies for Transatlantic Relations for 2021 and Beyond
  
• U.S. Foreign Policy after the 2020 Elections
  

 Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime

• The Intersection of Irregular Migration and Trafficking in West Africa and the Sahel 
  
• Migration Trends Across the Mediterranean: Piecing Together the Shifting Dynamics 
  
• The Politics of Crime: Kenya's Gang Phenomenon  
  

 Globsec

• African Infrastructure Development: What Should Be Done to Win the Next Decade?
  

 Government Accountability Office (GAO)

• Aviation Safety: FAA's Office of Aviation Safety Should Take Additional Actions to Ensure Its Workforce Has Needed Skills GAO-21-94
  
• Coast Guard Acquisitions: Opportunities Exist to Reduce Risk for the Offshore Patrol Cutter Program GAO-21-9
  
• Financial Audit: Bureau of the Fiscal Service's FY 2020 and FY 2019 Schedules of Federal Debt GAO-21-124
  
• Financial Audit: Office of Financial Stability's (Troubled Asset Relief Program) FY 2020 and FY 2019 Financial Statements GAO-21-173R
  
• Human Trafficking: Agencies Have Taken Steps to Strengthen International Anti-trafficking Projects GAO-21-53
  
• Opportunity Zones: Improved Oversight Needed to Evaluate Tax Expenditure Performance GAO-21-30
  
• Rule of Law Assistance: State and USAID Could Improve Monitoring Efforts GAO-21-14
  
• Veterans Health Care: Agency Efforts to Provide and Study Prosthetics for Small but Growing Female Veteran Population GAO-21-60
  

 Hedayah International Center of Excellence for Countering Violent Extremism

• Radical Right Counter Narratives Expert Workshop Report
  

 Heritage Foundation

• The U.S. Must Promote Democratic Leadership in Interpol
  

 Information Technology & Innovation Foundation (ITIF)

• Broadband Myths: Is It a National Imperative to Achieve Ultra-Fast Download Speeds? 
  
• Time for a Federal-State National Economic Development Partnership 
  

 Institute for China-America Studies (ICAS)

• Decoding President-Elect Joe Biden’s China Strategy 
  

 Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses (ISDA)

• Can India be the Next Global Manufacturing Hub? 
  
• Erdogan's Turkey: Politics, Populism and Democratisation Dilemmas
  

 Institute for National Security Studies (INSS - Israel)

• The Changing of the Guard: Israel at the Outset of the Biden Era
  
• Lebanon, One Year Later after the “Revolution”: Grim Reality and Bleak Prospects
  
• Middle East Economies: Dim Light at the End of the Tunnel
  
• National Security Tools and the Fight against Domestic Violence
  

 Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University

• China – Next Steps
  
• Strategic Assessment 2020: Into a New Era of Great Power Competition
  

 Institute for the Science and International Security

• The Amad Plan Pilot Uranium Conversion Site, Which Iran Denies Ever Existed
  
• Analysis of November 2020 IAEA Iran Verification and Monitoring Report
  

 Institute for the Study of War

• Belarus Warning Update: Belarusian Opposition Leader Directs Protesters to Employ Force against Lukashenko
  
• Russian President Putin Wins Upset Victory in Nagorno-Karabakh
  
• Syria Situation Report: October 28 - November 10, 2020
  

 Institute of International Affairs (Istituto Affari Internazionali)

• 2020: The American Revolution that Wasn't
  
• Collective Security and Multilateral Engagement in the Middle East: Pathways for EU Policy
  
• COVID-19 and the Foreign Policy Perceptions of US Public and Elites
  
• Ending the EU's Ambivalence to Free Movement in Africa
  

 Institute of South Asian Studies (ISAS)

• Decline of the Congress: The Impact of Defections and Breakaway Factions 
  
• Potential Joe Biden Administration and United States-Pakistan Relations
  

 International Centre for Counter-Terrorism (ICCT)

• Vienna Attack: the Path of a Prospective (Foreign) Terrorist Fighter 
  

 International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation and Political Violence

• The New Philosemitism: Exploring a Changing Relationship between Jews and the Far-Right 
  

 International Crisis Group

• Virus-proof Violence: Crime and COVID-19 in Mexico and the Northern Triangle
  

 International Monetary Fund (IMF)

• Climate Mitigation Policy in Denmark: A Prototype for Other Countries
  

 Jamestown Foundation

• China Brief, November 12, 2020, v. 20, no. 20
  
• China’s Vaccine Diplomacy Revamps the Health Silk Road Amid COVID-19
• “Helmsman” Xi Jinping Primed to Rule Until At Least 2030s
• The Trans-Himalayan ‘Quad,’ Beijing’s Territorialism, and India
• The PLA’s Pursuit of Terahertz: Facts and Fallacies
• Mongolia’s Economic Recovery from COVID-19 Dependent on China

 Japan Institute of International Affairs (JIIA)

• Why  Canada  Must  Embrace  a  Free and Open Indo-Pacific 
  

 Library of Congress Law Library

• Federal, State, and Local Government Response to COVID-19 
  
• Legal Mechanisms for Removing a Head of State for Incapacity  
  

 Marshall European Center for Strategic Studies

• Risks and Opportunities in the Arctic: Strategic Recommendations from ESS-N 20-06 
  

 Martens Centre for European Studies

• Retaking the Cities: A Plan for the Centre–Right
  

 Mercator Institute for China Studies

• Mapping and Recalibrating Europe’s Economic Interdependence with China
  
• US Election: Beijing Uncertain About What a Biden Win Means for China
  

 Middle East Institute

• A Sea Change?: China's Role in the Black Sea
  
• Syria's Constitutional Committee: The Devil in the Detail
  
• Turning the Tide: How Turkey Won the War for Tripoli
  

 Migration Policy Institute (MPI)

• Building Welcome from the Ground up: European Small and Rural Communities Engaging in Refugee Resettlement
  
• Managing the Pandemic and Its Aftermath: Economies, Jobs, and International Migration in the Age of COVID-19
  

 National Academies Press

• The Impacts of Racism and Bias on Black People Pursuing Careers in Science, Engineering, and Medicine
  

 National Institute for Defense Studies (NIDS)

• China Security Report 2021: China’s Military Strategy in the New Era  [English, Chinese and Japanese language versions available
  

 National Security Archive

• Duplicity and Self-Deception: Israel, the United States, and the Dimona Inspections, 1964-65
  

 NATO Defense College

• Russia’s Energy Policy. Dependence, Networks and Special Relationships
  

 New America

• A Guide for the Biden-Harris Administration to Ensure Student Success in Higher Education 
  
• The Online Learning Equity Gap: Innovative Solutions to Connect All Students at Home 
  
• Reclaiming Free Speech for Democracy and Human Rights in a Digitally Networked World 
  

 Observer Research Foundation

• Crossroads of Artificial Intelligence: Higher Education and Research in India and China 
  
• Green Recovery: Opportunities for India 
  
• Opportunities and Challenges in US-India Strategic Relations  
  
• Strengthening the Online Education Ecosystem in India 
  

 Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) 

• Recruiting and Retaining Officers in Small and Rural Agencies 
  

 Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)

• COVID-19 Crisis Response: Human Rights and Gender Analysis
  
• Human Rights in Times of COVID-19 - Identified Omissions in Realization of Human Rights in Bosnia and Herzegovina
  

 Our World in Data

• Why Do COVID-19 Deaths in Sweden Always Appear to Decrease in the Last 10 Days?
  

 Oxford Internet Institute Computational Propaganda Research Project

• Weekly Misinformation Briefings - 17-11-2020
  

 Peacekeeping & Stability Operations Institute  (PKSOI)

• Protecting Civilians A Humanitarian Obligation: Essay Series on the Protection of Civilians, Children and Armed Conflict and Cultural Property Protection  
  

 Peterson Institute International Economics (PIIE)

• Chinese SOEs Need More Female Leaders
  
• To Reduce Unemployment Further, Policymakers Must Target Permanent Job Losses
  
• US-China Phase One Tracker: China’s Purchases of US Goods
  
• US Labor Market Improves, but Further Progress Will Be Harder
  

 Pew Research Center Religion & Public Life

• In 2018, Government Restrictions on Religion Reach Highest Level Globally in More Than a Decade 
  

 Polish Institute of International Affairs

• A Never-Ending Story: The Fight Against Corruption in Ukraine  
  
• Second Wave of COVID-19 in Israel 
  

 RAND Corporation

• The End of Sanctuary: Protecting the Army's Installations from Emerging Threats
  
• A Framework for Integrating Family Caregivers into the Health Care Team
  
• How Is COVID-19 Changing Americans' Online Shopping Habits? Five Months into the Pandemic
  
• Mental Health Task-Shifting in Community-Based Organizations: Implementation, Impact, and Cost — Evaluation of the Connections to Care Program
  
• Providing for the Casualties of War: The American Experience Since World War II
  
• Recovery in the U.S. Virgin Islands: Progress, Challenges, and Options for the Future
  
• Regional Responses to U.S.-China Competition in the Indo-Pacific:
• Japan
  
• Singapore
  
• Study Overview and Conclusions
  
• Vietnam
  
• Unlocking NATO's Amphibious Potential: Lessons from the Past, Insights for the Future
  
• U.S. Versus Chinese Powers of Persuasion: Does the United States or China Have More Influence in the Indo-Pacific Region?
  
• U.S.-China Competition in the Indo-Pacific
  

 Royal United Services Institute (RUSI)

• 2020 UK PONI [Project on Nuclear Issues] Papers
  
• Countering CBRN at Home and Abroad
  
• Gambling Responsibly and the UK Tempest Programme: Experiences, Risks and Opportunities
  
• Preparing for Greyzone Threats to the Energy Sector
  

 Sasakawa Peace Foundation USA

• Under Prime Minister Suga, U.S.-Japan Relations Will Remain Strong
  

 Small Wars Journal

• America Must Deter Iranian Maritime Aggression in the Persian Gulf 
  
• Breaking the Cycle: America’s Challenges Combatting Irregular Warfare in the 21st Century
  
• Combatting Russian Active Measures
  
• Cyber Activities of the Irish Republican
• The Effects of the U.S. Army’s Special Forces in Bolivia during Che’s Foco
  
• Gnosticplayers: A Tale of Hacking Mobile Apps and Profit 
  
• Iraq’s Ethno-Sectarian Landscape: Sunni Arab Collaboration with the Dominant Shi’a Militia Apparatus
  
• Is an International Conflict Brewing in Montenegro?  
  
• Keeping Your Enemies Closer: Why the United States must Repair its Damaged Relationship with Turkey
  
• Quantify Your Guestimates: Estimating Hidden Numbers in Intelligence Practice 
  
• What’s in a name? Clarifying the Divide between Military Assistance and Security Force Assistance
  

 South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA)

• ‘China-powered’ African Agency and its Limits: The Case of the DRC 2007–2019
  
• Nexus Between Food Security and Trade in the Run-up to the World Food Systems Summit
  

 Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI)

• Addressing Missile Threats in the Middle East and North Africa
  
• Cultural Reconstruction is Critical after Islamic State Occupation
  
• Strategies for Including Women’s and LGBTI Groups in the Colombian Peace Process
  
• Strengthening Global Regimes: Addressing the Threat Posed by Chemical Weapons
  

 Swisspeace

• The Institutional Legacies of Rebel Governance Theorising the Political Stability of Post-Insurgent States
  

 Syria Justice and Accountability Centre (SJAC)

• How to get involved in SJAC’s Missing Persons Program
  

 Taylor & Francis

• Global Crime, 2020, v. 21, no. 3-4
• (Con)trolling the Web: Social Media User Arrests, State-Supported Vigilantism and Citizen Counter-Forces in Russia [open access article]
  
• Denunciation and Doxing: Towards a Conceptual Model of Digital Vigilantism [open access article]
  

 UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)

• Geospatial Practices for Sustainable Development in Asia and the Pacific 2020: A Compendium
  

 UN Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR) 

• Addressing Conventional Arms Risks and Impacts to Prevent Conflict and Build Peace: What More Should the United Nations Do?
  
• The Arms Trade Treaty: Measures to Prevent, Detect, Address and Eradicate the Diversion of Conventional Arms
  
• The DPRK Nuclear Programme
  
• Perceptions in the Euro-Atlantic
  
• Weapons and Ammunition Management Country Insight
• Central African Republic
  
• Ghana
  
• Liberia
  
• Niger
  
• Nigeria
  
• Somalia
  

 UN Office for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA)

• Navigating Disarmament Education: The Peace Boat Model 
  

 US China Economic and Security Review Commission

• The Shanghai Cooperation Organization: A Testbed for Chinese Power Projection
  

 US Institute of Peace (USIP)

• Constitutional Issues in the Afghan Peace Negotiations: Process and Substance
  
• Looking for Trouble: Sources of Violent Conflict in Central Asia
  

 Washington Institute for Near East Policy

• America Votes, the Middle East Reacts: Views on U.S. Elections from Across the Region
  
• Biden’s Middle East Policy in his Own Words: Understanding the New Administration’s Priorities
  
• Shock Therapy Will Kill, Not Cure, Iraqi Kurdistan’s Economy
  
• Terrorism in France: New and Old Trends in Jihadism
  

 World Bank

• COVID-19 and Food Security in Ethiopia : Do Social Protection Programs Protect?
  
• Going Viral : COVID-19 and the Accelerated Transformation of Jobs in Latin America and the Caribbean
  

 World Economic Forum

• Clean Skies for Tomorrow: Sustainable Aviation Fuels as a Pathway to Net-Zero Aviation
  
• Top 10 Emerging Technologies 2020